How to Read BASIC Scores
FMCSA's Behavior Analysis and Safety Improvement Categories (BASICs) are the foundation of the Safety Measurement System (SMS). Understanding these scores is essential for evaluating carrier risk.
The 7 BASIC Categories
- Unsafe Driving — Speeding, reckless driving, improper lane changes, distracted driving.
- Crash Indicator — Histories or patterns of crash involvement, including frequency and severity.
- Hours-of-Service (HOS) — Violations of hours-of-service regulations including exceeding driving limits.
- Vehicle Maintenance — Failure to properly maintain vehicles including brakes, lights, and other mechanical defects.
- Controlled Substances/Alcohol — Violations related to drug and alcohol use by drivers.
- Hazardous Materials — Violations related to the safe transport of hazardous materials.
- Driver Fitness — Violations related to driver licensing, medical certificates, and qualifications.
How Scores Work
Each BASIC score is a percentile from 0 to 100, comparing the carrier against peers with similar numbers of inspections. A higher percentile means worse performance relative to peers. Carriers that exceed intervention thresholds may be subject to FMCSA investigation.
Intervention Thresholds
Most BASICs have an intervention threshold of 65%, meaning carriers scoring above the 65th percentile may face FMCSA action. For HM carriers, the threshold is lower at 60% for Unsafe Driving and Crash Indicator. The Hazardous Materials BASIC has a threshold of 80%.
Note: This guide is for educational purposes. Always consult the official FMCSA SMS website for the most current scoring methodology.